Genetic markers are specific DNA sequences or variations that can be used to identify individuals, track the inheritance of traits or diseases within families, or study the genetic diversity of populations. These markers are typically used in genetic testing, population genetics studies, and disease research to understand the relationships between genetic variations and observable traits or behaviors. Common types of genetic markers include single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), short tandem repeats (STRs), and insertion/deletion variations (indels). The analysis of genetic markers can provide valuable insights into the underlying genetic basis of various traits and diseases, and help researchers better understand the complexities of the human genome.